Electrostatic Force
-Force existing as a result of the attraction or repulsion between two charged particles.
All bonding is based on the electrostatic relationship.
1) Opposite charge attract each other.
2) Like charges repel each other.
3) The greater the distance between two charged particles, the smaller the attractive force existing between them.
4) The greater the charge on the particles, the greater the force of attraction between them.
- This force operates equally in all directions meaning that positively - charged particles attract negatively - charged particles every way.
Ionic Bond
- An ionic bond is formed by the attraction of a positive ion to a negative ion and is formed when an electron from one atom is transferred to another atom, so as to create on positive and one negative ion.
Polar and Non Polar Covalent Bond
polar Covalent Bond
- A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different
electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron
pair
- Example: In H-Cl, the electronegativity of the Cl atom
is 3.0, while that of the H atom is 2.1
- The result is a bond where the electron pair is
displaced toward the more electronegative atom. This atom then obtains a
partial-negative charge while the less electronegative atom has a
partial-positive charge.This separation of charge or bond dipole can be
illustrated using an arrow with the arrowhead directed toward the more
electronegative atom.
The Greek letter delta indicates "partially".
Non-polar Covalent Bond
- A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same
electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron
pair
- Example: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity
value of 2.1, therefore the covalent bond between them is considered
nonpolar
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